Armenia's commitment to ensuring a secure and predictable investment environment is evident through its robust legal framework, participation in international agreements and access to ISDS mechanisms. The Law on Foreign Investments of the Republic of Armenia establishes the core principles for regulating foreign direct investment (FDI) and provides general provisions governing its entry rules, establishment procedures, investment treatment, protection and access to incentives. This legislation grants high standards of protection and guarantees to investors. Foreign investments in Armenia are safeguarded against expropriation, except under exceptional circumstances. The government prohibits nationalization and arbitrary expropriation of foreign investments, ensuring full compensation in exceptional cases of nationalization or expropriation. Investors in Armenia have access to Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms through both national and international arbitration. The Law on Foreign Investments enables investors to file claims at domestic courts for ISDS, and international arbitration is available

when investments are protected by international investment agreements (IIAs). Armenia demonstrates its commitment to investment protection by being a party to various international agreements. The country is a member of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) Convention and has ratified the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (1958 New York Convention). Furthermore, Armenia is a party to seven treaties with investment provisions and two regional TIPs - the Treaty on Eurasian Economic Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Protection of Investor Rights. The former includes substantive investor protections and ISDS, while the latter incorporates investment protections tied to domestic law and non-binding commitments to arbitration. Armenia is also a party to the Energy Charter Treaty, which provides detailed investor protection and access to ISDS.